In the field of ophthalmology, fundus camera has gained interest in current years for retinal screening. It is a specialized medical device which facilitates the user to capture the interior surface of the eye consisting of the retina, optic disc, macula and posterior pole (fundus). Fundus imaging helps in iagnosis of various ocular diseases among which Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is currently one of the prime sources of blindness. Depending on the severity of the disease, various imaging modalities are required for understanding of the disorder and its management. Fundus camera has shown evolution with reference to its design principle which includes a field of view angle, state of the pupil (dilated or not), portability and other additional features. This field of fundus imaging is evolving quickly with several advents in the enhancement of treating the DR patients as well as for the ease of use for the operator. The paper is aimed to highlight the technical advents of mainly three type of fundus photography for the retinal imaging and screening where retinal abnormalities are taken into account to detect DR, providing a gist of technologies which will be helpful for the researchers and product designers in the area of ophthalmology and optical system designing. Keywords— diabetic retinopathy, fundus camera, fundus photography, ophthalmology, retinal imaging